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Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover: Improved pre-treatment with Trametes Hirsuta yj9

Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of Biology

·    Trametes hirsuta yj9 preferentially degrade lignin over cellulose
·    Laccase is the major ligninolytic enzyme
·    Sugar yields of pretreated corn stover were significantly increased
·    The structure of pretreated corn stover showed significant changes
·    Sugar yields were inversely proportional to the lignin contents.

17-01-2012. Corn stover, mainly composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, is one of the most abundant agricultural byproducts in China. Approximately 200 million tons of corn stover is produced in China per year. Most of the corn stover is burned or directly discarded resulting in resource waste and environment pollution. Lignocellulose can be enzymatically hydrolyzed and transformed into important biofuels such as ethanol and butanol. The process can transform 30% energy and reduce environmental pollution. So in their study, Prof. LIU Xiaofeng's team from CAS Chengdu Institute of Biology isolated a newly Trametes hirsuta yj9 to pretreat corn stover in order to enhance enzymatic digestibility.


They demonstrated that T. hirsuta yj9 preferentially degraded lignin to be as high as 71.49% after 42-day pretreatment. Laccase and xylanase was the major ligninolytic and hydrolytic enzyme, respectively and filter paper activity (FPA) increased gradually with prolonged pretreatment time. Meanwhile, researchers found that sugar yields increased significantly after pretreatment with T. hirsuta yj9, reaching an enzymatic digestibility of 73.99% after 42 days of pretreatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed significant structural changes in pretreated corn stover, the surface of pretreated corn stover became increasingly coarse, the gaps between cellulose fibers were visible, and many pores were developed.


Researchers also demonstrated  correlation analysis showed that sugar yields were inversely proportional to the lignin contents, less related to cellulose and hemicellulose contents. LIU’s research got supports from Chinese Academy of Science,  National High Technology Research and Development Program of China.
Source: Chinese Academy of Sciences

References
Feng-hui Sun FH, Li J, Yuan YX, Yan ZY, Liu XF (2011): Effect of biological pretreatment with Trametes hirsuta yj9 on enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation: October: 931-938.

 

 

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Bayer CropScience and RAGT Semences sign agreement for the improvement of wheat

27-06-2011. Bayer CropScience and the privately-owned company RAGT Semences S.A.S., based in Rodez, France, have signed a license and cooperation agreement. Under the agreement, RAGT grants Bayer CropScience access to winter wheat germplasm and associated molecular markers. The French company has one of the strongest winter wheat breeding programs in Europe. In addition, both companies will explore joint projects to further improve wheat breeding and RAGT will have options to license wheat traits from Bayer CropScience. Financial details were not disclosed.
“We are very excited about our partnership with RAGT and the opportunities it will bring in the future. This mutually beneficial agreement will further strengthen the wheat breeding programs of both partners,” said Sandra E. Peterson, Chairman and CEO of Bayer CropScience. “This licensing and cooperation agreement is another important step to achieve our goal: To improve sustainable cereal production with superior solutions based on our leading crop protection portfolio, agricultural service solutions and best in class wheat varieties. These solutions will enable growers to increase the productivity of wheat in a sustainable way addressing challenges like climate change.” For Daniel Segonds, Chairman of RAGT Executive Board, “this agreement represents a major step for RAGT in further expanding its solid position in the European wheat seed market.”
Wheat is a key crop for both partners that deserves huge research efforts involving both conventional and new breeding techniques in order to address the future challenges in agriculture. “Thanks to Bayer CropScience’s strong traits portfolio and the company’s unique skills in advanced technology, combined with its commitment and means to address these new challenges, Bayer CropScience certainly represents the ideal partner for us,” said Daniel Segonds. “We are convinced that this cooperation will be a source of sound solutions for European growers, and will highly benefit both partners,” he added.

Key figures about wheat
With about 25 percent of the global agricultural land under wheat cultivation, it is the largest cereal crop in terms of acreage and one of the world’s most important staple foods. Wheat is the second most-produced cereal crop after corn with more than 650 million tons produced every year. Wheat productivity is increasing at less than 1 percent annually, while the annual global demand is growing at approximately double that percentage. Main wheat producing regions are Australia, the Black Sea Region, China, the European Union, India and North America.

 

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Value Chain of French Cereals Market

by B2Bioworld Editor: 

 

Source: Académie d’Agriculture de France 2004:10

 

While figures are from 2003/2004 and outdated, the value chain and supply channels are not.

 

* A non-sponsored service for free to readers of B2Bioworld - Get out more of PR

 

Syngenta entend renforcer son leadership mondial

21-06-2011. Lors du «Capital Markets Day 2011», qui se déroulera au Centre de Recherche Jealott’s Hill de Syngenta, au R.-U., l’équipe dirigeante mettra en évidence le potentiel de croissance considérable que recèle la nouvelle stratégie intégrée de l’entreprise. Ils expliqueront comment Syngenta ambitionne d’augmenter ses parts de marché, en s'appuyant sur une organisation commerciale et R&D entièrement intégrée et une approche mondiale orientée cultures. La journée sera l’occasion aussi d’insister sur l’ampleur des technologies à disposition de l’entreprise pour toutes les principales cultures mondiales: céréales, maïs, oléagineux, riz, soja, canne à sucre et potagères.

 

«Depuis l’annonce de notre nouvelle stratégie, en février, nous avons considérablement progressé dans sa mise en oeuvre. Aujourd’hui, nous partageons le potentiel de création de valeur de cette stratégie», a déclaré Mike Mack, Chief Executive Officer. «Syngenta se concentre sur la découverte et le développement de solutions intégrées qui vont au-delà d’une approche mono-produit. Notre confiance dans le potentiel de croissance futur de notre activité repose sur un pipeline d’innovations qui permettra de faire passer le chiffre d’affaires de 8,4 à 17 milliards $ sur les principales cultures, après 2015. Si l’on y ajoute notre modèle d’entreprise intégré, nous avons toutes les cartes en main pour réaliser une croissance supérieure à celle du marché mondial et offrir des rendements supérieurs aux attentes de nos actionnaires. Par ailleurs, la bonne tenue de notre chiffre d’affaires au cours du second trimestre, en dépit de conditions météo peu favorables, prouve la solidité de notre portefeuille actuel, autour duquel s’articule notre nouvelle stratégie.»  «Syngenta entre aujourd’hui dans une ère plus passionnante que jamais, placée sous le signe de l’innovation et de la productivité», a déclaré Sandro Aruffo, Directeur mondial de la Recherche & Développement de Syngenta. «Notre approche de la recherche et du développement, orientée cultures et producteurs, associée à l’ampleur des technologies à disposition et à la qualité de nos scientifiques, nous conforte dans la conviction que nous continuerons à réaliser des performances supérieures à la moyenne dans les années qui viennent.»

 

Syngenta figure parmi les leaders mondiaux pour ses activités. Le groupe emploie plus de 26 000 personnes dans plus de 90 pays qui n’ont qu’un seul objectif: exprimer le potentiel des plantes. Par nos capacités scientifiques de premier plan, notre présence mondiale et notre engagement en faveur des clients, nous aidons à accroître les rendements et la rentabilité des cultures, à protéger l’environnement et à améliorer la santé et la qualité de vie.

 

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Jimmy Smith moves from World Bank to ILRI Kenya

Dr Jimmy Smith18-04-2011. Jimmy W. Smith, livestock advisor at World Bank headquarters Washington D.C. (US) has been appointed the new director general designate of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) at Nairobi (KE). The institute’s board chair Knut Hove said that Dr Smith is intimately familiar with CGIAR’s reform process and will have to “open up new partnerships for pro-poor livestock research”.


Born in Guyana, in the Caribbean, where he was raised on a small mixed crop-and-livestock farm, Smith holds dual nationalities with Canada. He is a graduate of the University of Illinois, at Urban-Champaign, USA, where he completed hid PhD in animal sciences. At World Bank, Washington, DC, he currently leads the Bank’s Global Livestock Portfolio. Earlier in his career, Smith served for ten years at ILRI and its predecessor, the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) (1991–2001). At the time Smith was the institute’s regional representative for West Africa, where he led development of integrated research promoting smallholder livelihoods through animal agriculture and built effective partnerships among stakeholders in the region. At ILRI, Smith spent three years leading the ILRI-led Systemwide Livestock Programme of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of 10 CGIAR centres working on issues at the crop-livestock interface. Since leaving his decade of work at ILCA/ILRI and the CGIAR, Smith has continued playing a major role in supporting international livestock for development in terms of both funding and strategizing. Before joining the World Bank, where he has served for five years, Smith held senior positions at the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) (2001-2006) and the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) (1986–1991).

Source: ILRI

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Syngenta, DuPont sign corn rootworm trait licensing agreement

December 14, 2010. Syngenta and DuPont today announced that Syngenta will grant DuPont business, Pioneer Hi-Bred, a non-exclusive, global license to its corn rootworm trait MIR604 (Agrisure®) for corn seed. The trait provides protection from below-ground coleopteran insects, including corn rootworm, a major corn pest in the United States and around the world.
The license, which takes effect on 1 January 2011, gives Pioneer full stacking rights of MIR604 with other traits. The value of the deal could exceed $400 million in cumulative payments. Detailed financial terms were not disclosed.
Davor Pisk, Chief Operating Officer, Syngenta Seeds said: “This agreement is a further affirmation of Syngenta’s biotechnology capability. The creation of value through trait outlicensing, as well as through the incorporation of leading proprietary technology in our own branded offer, will contribute to the growing profitability of our Seeds business.”
“This rootworm trait provides Pioneer with additional product options for our customers continuing our momentum in the marketplace,” said Paul E. Schickler, Pioneer President. “Pioneer is creating unique trait combinations to offer next generation insect protection products. The new products will deliver growers additional choice in the Optimum® AcreMax™ family of products.”
Source: Syngenta

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No Mercy with Violators of Corporate Compliance

Dr Rüdiger Scheitza, Member of the Board Bayer CropScience, and Labour Director

(C) Wolf G Kroner 2010September 2010. Global companies operate in different jurisdictions with legal frameworks rooted in regional customs and traditions. Doing business in a correct manner or legally acceptable ways quickly becomes complex the wider the cultures are apart.

 

Corporate governance and compliance policies are means to ensure conformity with sometimes widely differing laws as well as providing for smooth flow of international transactions. While companies are eager to publish their guidelines, many of them remain rather secretive in public, how they implement these No wonder, that some regard such policies as waste paper or a front.B2Bioworld asked Dr Rüdiger Scheitza, Member of the Board Bayer CropScience, and Labour Director.

 

 

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Roche NimbleGen Unveil the Secrets of Insidious Potato Blight

November 2009. A large international team of researchers recently published the 240-megabase DNA sequence of Phytophthora infestans, a robust parasitic water mold responsible for the Irish potato famine of the 1840s, in Nature (1). Breeders have not been able to produce potato cultivars that remain resistant to this insidious blight, aptly named as the plant (phyto) destroyer (phthora). This fungal-like pathogen is an oomycete, an eukaryote related to algae and diatoms that is transferred by wind-borne spores that spread rapidly and germinate on wet leaves, killing entire fields of potatoes, tomatoes, and other plants within a few weeks. Conservative estimates of potato crop losses attributed to late blight are about 16% (US$ 7.7 billion) of the global potato crop (US$ 47.2 billion) each year (2). The sequencing of this mold and subsequent genomic analyses will now help reveal details of its biologic and pathogenic processes, allowing more rapid development of reliable, environmentally benign, and economically feasible management tactics as well as insight into new breeding strategies.
Yearly potato production (300 Mt) substantially contributes to worldwide food security, surpassed only by wheat (630 Mt) and rice (608 Mt)(2). While it is important to identify the problem genes responsible for infection, it is equally important to identify the genes that develop resistance.
Brian J. Haas, a primary contributor from the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, noted that “NimbleGen services generated the data that made it possible for us to identify key genes in pathogenesis, as described in our recent Nature publication on the potato blight genome. In particular we identified a large number of so-called effector genes that are critical to pathogenesis that had been previously unknown and are extremely challenging to predict because of their small size and unusual structure.”
Senior author Chad Nusbaum, co-director of the Broad Institute’s Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, added that “NimbleGen services generated data that made it possible for us to identify these genes in a timely and cost-competitive manner.”
The authors capitalized on Roche NimbleGen’s flexible array design capability to use the data from the newly sequenced genome to build a custom gene expression microarray, which helped measure gene level changes between the vegetative stage and infection stage. Nearly 3% of approximately 18,000 genes analyzed on the NimbleGen Gene Expression microarray are induced at least twofold during infection. Some of the induced genes belong to gene families with functions previously known to be involved in infection, such as RXLR genes, which may maintain virulence by suppressing host cell death. Understanding the P. infestans genes responsible for potato blight, and having unraveled its genetic code, will lead to methods for controlling the infection to improve food production and reduce the impact on worldwide crop losses.


(1) BJ Haas, S Kamoun, et al., Nature 2009 September 17; 241: 393–398; doi: 10.1038/nature08358
(2) AJ Haverkort, PC Struik, et al., Potato Res 2009 August 8; 52:249-264; doi: 10.1007/s11540-009-9136-3

 

 

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Bayer CropScience Research is Moving Closer to Suppliers and Customers

Michiel van Lookeren Campagne, Global Head of BioScience Research

(C) Bayer CropScienceMay 2009. Michiel van Lookeren Campagne, Global Head of BioScience Research talks about the role of the Belgian Gent site, plans for North Carolina and how his company aims to achieve a global presence.

 

Addendum:
The interview took place shortly before Dr van Lookeren left for Syngenta at North Carolina

 

 

 

 

 

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